Response to development times:condenser vs. diffusion

Condenser enlargers project an image about one paper grade more contrasty than diffuse. Paper grade 2 for condensers and grade 3 for diffuse are a good starting point. Diffuse enlargers can make images just as sharp as condensers with modern thin emulsion films. Diffuse enlargers show up dust and scratches less than condensers. The recommended development times (and exposure index) are starting points only. The photographer has to fine tune to compensate for the many variables: shutter, aperture, exposure meter, metering style when shooting, thermometer, agitation, water source (for mixing and diluting developer), paper, taste when developing/printing. I use a diffuse enlarger and use Xtol diluted 1+2 at 75 deg. F for about 20% longer than Kodak recommends for various films (Delta, Tmax, Tri-X, APX).

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