I've used an aquarium heater stuck in the tray. I guess ideally you would want a pump to circulate the water around - I just used to swirl the water around with my hand. Check out agricultural supplies - some of them make tray heaters that basically look like mats which does sound perfect(e.g., http://www.ken-bar.com/gardener.html). You might want to make sure that is safe around water, though (although one would think that it should be given that plants get watered). Hope this helps. Cheers, DJ.(posted 8656 days ago)