"what do you call the processes where people apply an emulsion with a brush to other substrates, like perhaps watercolor paper"(posted 8327 days ago)These fall under the generic term "alternative processes." Among the more popular ones are platinum/palladium printing, cyanotypes, kallitypes, Van Dyke Brown prints and others.
All these processes are contact prints. The negative is the exact size of the print. You can you in camera film, paper or lith film as a negative.
Economical alternative processes for 11 x 14 or larger is probably the cyanotype. It is more recognized by its' common name, "blueprint."
Yes, you can use lith film for printing plates to make these large negatives.
"Keepers of the Light" is a good source for information on these old processes.