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Is the Internet causing an energy crisis?
Heavy Internet surfing could be contributing to America's fuel drain. Is it overstated or will we need to change our lives to confront the problem?

COVER: Net energy crisis (electric wires)

By Robert Bryce Special To  Interactive Week

December 18, 2000 5:01 AM PT  

In late September, while on the stump in Michigan, George W. Bush outlined his energy plan for America.

More domestic oil drilling was needed, he told the crowd, because the country's energy needs far exceed its current production. We also need more renewable energy and more electric power because, he said, "today, the equipment needed to power the Internet consumes 8 percent of all the electricity produced in the United States."

Bush isn't the only one to use the 8 percent figure. Over the last 18 months, that estimate - first published in a May 31, 1999, article in Forbes by Peter Huber and Mark Mills - has appeared in reports issued by investment banks, in energy projections issued by natural gas companies, and in numerous magazines and newspapers.

But is it, in fact, an accurate reflection of reality present and future?

PCs behind shortages?
Questions about the Internet and electricity usage gained velocity this fall, after tech guru George Gilder and the Energy Information Administration both weighed in on the topic. In September, Bambi Francisco at CBS' MarketWatch.com reported that Gilder was predicting the Internet would "eventually use as much electricity as the entire U.S. economy does today." In late November, the EIA significantly increased its projections for future electricity usage and named computers as a cause.

Meanwhile, California continues to be rocked by serious electricity shortages. On Dec. 7, the state declared a Stage 3 emergency, meaning that residential and commercial users could face rolling blackouts. On Dec. 13, the power shortage became so severe that U.S. Energy Secretary Bill Richardson threatened to hit out-of-state power producers with federal price controls if they didn't begin shipping more electricity to California immediately. Richardson also ordered federal hydroelectric networks to boost power generation. His moves helped the state avert widespread blackouts, but the long-term prospects for California's electric power system are unclear.

These predictions and events have helped fuel a surge in the prices of once-stolid electric utility stocks. They have also contributed to the widespread belief that the Internet is causing big increases in domestic electricity usage. And while evidence supports that belief, it's not yet certain that the Internet is causing or will cause Americans to use vast amounts of additional electric power.

Conflicting estimates
There's another problem: Huber and Mills' 8 percent estimate appears to be wrong. All office, telecommunications and network equipment in the country actually uses about 3 percent of the power consumed in the U.S., said a group of staff scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. That analysis is supported by Steven Taub, an associate director at Cambridge Energy Research Associates, an energy consulting firm in Cambridge, Mass. The Lawrence Berkeley scientists are "much closer to right," Taub said.

Questions about the Internet and electricity consumption are part of a broader debate over global warming. If Huber and Mills are right, the Internet's expansion is contributing to the warming of the planet and is therefore damaging the environment. If their critics are right and the Net is lowering the quantity of power needed to keep the economy humming along, it should be having a positive impact on the environment.

Despite the attack on their estimate, Huber and Mills have refused to back off their 8 percent figure, triggering a rancorous debate over their motives, methods and credentials.

Not surprisingly, the debate is suffused with politics: Huber and Mills are free-market conservatives who argue that the solution to looming electricity shortages is to build more big power plants. Their critics, generally speaking, are left-leaning energy analysts who favor distributed generation plants, higher-efficiency products and renewable energy programs, while opposing big new power plants. Increased use of the Internet, these critics argue, is increasing productivity and significantly reducing the nation's "energy intensity" - the amount of power needed to produce goods and services.

Quantity vs. quality
Even if Huber, Mills and gilder are wrong about the quantity of power used by the Net, the debate they have spawned is long overdue, and the issues they raise are crucial for the Internet and those who use it. The nation's aging power grid is sagging under the strain of surging economic growth and the need for more reliable power. According to the Electric Power Research Institute, America's generating capacity has grown 30 percent over the past decade, but its transmission capacity grew just 15 percent. EPRI predicted that over the next 10 years generation will grow another 20 percent, but the infrastructure needed to deliver that power will grow by just 4 percent.

Nowhere are the problems of generation and transmission more evident than in California. "It's a dire situation," said Michelle Montague-Bruno, a spokeswoman at the Silicon Valley Manufacturing Group, which represents 190 companies in the region. To save power, members are turning off nonessential equipment, including some lights and computers. Electricity became a key issue for the group in June, when Pacific Gas & Electric was forced to cut power to about 100,000 customers after managers of California's power system warned that the San Francisco Bay area's power grid was near collapse. Those problems continued into December, when the problem was exacerbated by cold weather, power plants idled for maintenance and a shortage of electricity that can be imported.

"There's a perception that the high-tech industry is responsible for the boom in power consumption. That's not necessarily accurate," Montague-Bruno said. "It's due to the boom in construction and the overall growth in the economy and population in California."

Since 1998, California has licensed eight new power plants. But that new power won't begin coming online until next summer, which means the state's electricity woes are likely to continue for many months to come. Some companies have begun to look more closely at on-site generating equipment, including gas-fired turbines and fuel cells. Those technologies could be implemented at far lower cost than centralized power plants, and would obviate the need for big investments in new high-power transmission lines. In addition, on-site generation is more efficient - when electricity is transported long distances, significant amounts of power are lost due to resistance from the wires themselves.

Confusing power picture
Deregulation was supposed to lead to cheaper, more reliable power. But so far, deregulation, now under way in California and about two dozen other states, has only confused the nation's power picture. And all types of businesses -- from manufacturers to dot-coms -- are being forced to deal with questions about the availability, reliability and quality of electricity. America's power grid was "built on a 1950s and 1960s design that doesn't address the type of reliability that we need," said Karl Stahlkopf, vice president of power delivery at EPRI.

Stahlkopf, too, believes that Huber and Mills overstated the amount of power used by the Net. But he argued that much of the debate is over the wrong issue. Yes, the quantity of power used by the Net is important. But Stahlkopf said Huber and Mills have been prescient in their discussion of the reliability issue, which may be a longer-term problem than questions about availability. "The nature of power usage in America is changing, because all silicon-based equipment needs absolutely reliable power," he said. EPRI estimates that power interruptions - some lasting just one-sixtieth of a second - are costing American businesses some $50 billion each year. Sun Microsystems has estimated each minute of power outage costs it $1 million, Stahlkopf said.

Power quality has become a white-hot topic in boardrooms and on Wall Street. Recent initial public offerings for flywheel-based uninterruptible power supply companies, such as Active Power and Beacon Power, and fuel cell makers, such as H Power and Proton Energy Systems, raised hundreds of millions of dollars. Companies of all kinds are spending billions of dollars per year on technologies, ranging from batteries and flywheels to diesel engines, to assure a constant flow of power to their factories, clean rooms and data centers. But that reliability has a cost: Much of the equipment consumes more electric power, which Mills said supports his contention that the Internet will increase power consumption.

"I don't believe for a second that electric power demand is going down," Mills said. "It hasn't for 100 years, and it won't go down now."

So, who's right?
In the debate over power demand and the Internet, data centers are often exhibit No. 1. These facilities, also known as "server farms" or "telco hotels," consume vast amounts of electricity. With power concentrations of 100 watts per square foot, a 10,000-square-foot data center can demand as much power as 1,000 homes. But unlike homeowners who turn their lights off when they leave for vacation, data centers require full power 24/7.

In Seattle, a raft of new data centers is forcing the city to scramble to meet their needs. Over the next 24 months, the city's utility company expects a handful of data centers to raise its average daily demand by about 250 megawatts, an increase of nearly 25 percent over current loads. Other regions, including the San Francisco Bay and Chicago areas, are also facing power supply problems caused, in part, by data centers.

Little doubt remains that electricity usage is rising. Until recently, the EIA was projecting that domestic power demand would rise 1.3 percent through 2020. But in late November, the agency increased its forecast by 38 percent, to an annual growth rate of 1.8 percent, citing higher-than-projected economic growth and a "re-evaluation of the potential for growth in electricity use for a variety of residential and commercial appliances and equipment, including personal computers."

Although the EIA listed computers as a possible reason for the increase, economists and energy analysts cannot say with certainty why electricity usage is increasing, how fast it will grow or even the best way to meet that new demand. Nor is it clear how much of that growth is caused by Internet-related facilities, such as data centers.

Wealth effect
Some experts, like Taub, believe that much of the growth is the result of the "wealth effect." Americans are making more money, so they are buying more gadgets that use electricity. In addition, people are buying bigger houses that require more lighting, air conditioning and other comforts that require lots of power. And as the American economy grows, more companies are launched, more stores and offices are built and, thus, more electricity is consumed.

Mills agreed that the wealth effect plays a role, but he firmly believes data centers will increase consumption. "When we get tens of millions of square feet of data centers, the power supply problem is going to be more acute," Mills predicted.

In fact, the two sides find some common ground when it comes to power consumption by data centers. Jonathan Koomey, a staff scientist at Lawrence Berkeley, has calculated that by 2005, data centers could be consuming slightly more than 1 percent of all electricity in the U.S. Koomey based his projection on a report written earlier this year by Richard Juarez, a senior Internet analyst at Robertson Stephens, who predicted that 50 million square feet of data centers would be online by that time.

Juarez's estimate may be conservative. On Dec. 12, IBM Chairman and Chief Executive Lou Gerstner announced that Big Blue will build 50 new data centers to meet the growing demand for the outsourcing of information technology services.



-- sdfgh (dsfh@aol.com), December 20, 2000

Answers

The Link to the story here

New Economy: The Spread of News by E-Mail Is Becoming News Itself

January 29, 2001 By PAMELA LICALZI O'CONNELL

as last week's biggest news story President Bush's education plan? Or was it the study contending that American men may have smaller penises, on average, than Brazilian men?

One story dominated headlines; the other was forwarded frantically around the Net. And the episode provided insight into the role of the Web audience in determining, and maybe even increasing, the market value of information once it goes online.

People often pass around news articles via e-mail. Some even do it compulsively, in part because it's so easy: most news sites include an "e- mail this article" link on some or all of their stories.

But until last spring, apparently, no site made use of the statistics generated by those e-mail links. That was when Yahoo News, on a lark, created a new feature called "Most- emailed content." The page (http ://dailynews.yahoo.com/h/mt/us/dailynews/?u) lists the 20 most- frequently forwarded stories and the dozen photos in the previous six hours from Yahoo News. (The Brazil story was at, or near, the top of the list for several days.)

, and it has become something of a cult favorite among heavy consumers of news. "We were positively surprised," said Kourosh Karimkhany, a senior producer at Yahoo News. "One of our engineers came up with the idea. It wasn't an editor."

As a result of the page's success, Yahoo added "Most- emailed" lists for other news sections, including sports and finance. The company also created another statistics-based feature, this one a bit more conventional: "Most-viewed content," a list of the headlines and photos most clicked on in the last hour.

"Most-viewed," which began in August, is heavy on breaking news and entertainment stories, while "Most-emailed" tends toward the quirky or bizarre. Last Thursday, for example, a news article about the pronouncements of the Federal Reserve chairman, Alan Greenspan, topped the "Most-viewed" list, while "Man Accidentally Saws Off Hand" was No. 1 on "Most e-mailed."

"Most-viewed" and "Most- emailed" are among the most popular pages on Yahoo News, Mr. Karimkhany said, adding that similar efforts were in the works.

Danny Sullivan, who is the editor of SearchEngineWatch.com, compared the "Most" pages to the Yahoo Buzz Index and the Lycos Top 50 — two continually updated lists of the most popular search terms. "Actually, I'm surprised it's taken them this long to turn all that fantastic live data into content," Mr. Sullivan said of the Yahoo News features.

For Yahoo, which remains heavily dependent on advertising revenue, there is every incentive to find ways to increase the page views of its material without increasing costs.

"I think everyone is looking for ways to produce cheap content," said Robert Hertzberg, an analyst with Jupiter Research. "Using internal stats seems a sure-fire strategy. The information is there; why not use it?" •

Of course, Yahoo News is not a typical news site. It does not create articles and photos, but instead culls material from news organizations in exchange for a portion of Yahoo's ad revenues. And so far, major news sites like CNN.com and MSNBC.com seem to take a much more proprietary view of their content and how their audiences use it.

MSNBC, for example, adds an e- mail link only to some of its articles. And while these sites sometimes issue news releases on topics — like which streaming-media files have been downloaded the most during a particular time period — that data is not used to repackage content into greatest-hits lists.

Michael Silberman, MSNBC.com's executive editor, said he had no interest in developing features based on, say, the most clicked story, despite the pressures to produce content more cheaply. His site has long offered a page known as "Viewers' Top 10," which lists the stories rated most highly by its readers. But the list has a different mission from Yahoo's "Most" pages, he said.

"The purpose of this feature is to encourage users to inform other users about interesting stuff on the site — stories not found on the cover page necessarily," Mr. Silberman said. "Our mission is not to try to generate cheap or user-created content."

Cheap or not, popular-demand content has its own intrinsic value.

"People are interested in what other people are interested in," said Sreenath Sreenivasan, a journalism professor at Columbia and administrator of the Online Journalism Awards.

And knowing what most interests the public may prove valuable not only to consumers of news but also to the news media themselves, Mr. Sreenivasan said. He argues that journalists and editors need to pay more attention to sites like Yahoo News, because they are "changing the way readers get news."

"There's never been any medium where you get such great detail on what people are reading and talking about," he said. "What we do with that information could really change our business, if we allow it."

Others see the popularity of the Yahoo features as further confirmation of a post-modern interest in "news about news."

"News tells us what happens," said Arthur Asa Berger, a professor who teaches about popular culture and the media at San Francisco State University. "News about news enables us to speculate about all kinds of things, trends in society and the like. And it may be more engaging than the news itself."

-- testguy (test@guy.com), January 29, 2001.


The Link to the story here

New Economy: The Spread of News by E-Mail Is Becoming News Itself

January 29, 2001 By PAMELA LICALZI O'CONNELL

as last week's biggest news story President Bush's education plan? Or was it the study contending that American men may have smaller penises, on average, than Brazilian men?

One story dominated headlines; the other was forwarded frantically around the Net. And the episode provided insight into the role of the Web audience in determining, and maybe even increasing, the market value of information once it goes online.

People often pass around news articles via e-mail. Some even do it compulsively, in part because it's so easy: most news sites include an "e- mail this article" link on some or all of their stories.

But until last spring, apparently, no site made use of the statistics generated by those e-mail links. That was when Yahoo News, on a lark, created a new feature called "Most- emailed content." The page (http ://dailynews.yahoo.com/h/mt/us/dailynews/?u) lists the 20 most- frequently forwarded stories and the dozen photos in the previous six hours from Yahoo News. (The Brazil story was at, or near, the top of the list for several days.)

, and it has become something of a cult favorite among heavy consumers of news. "We were positively surprised," said Kourosh Karimkhany, a senior producer at Yahoo News. "One of our engineers came up with the idea. It wasn't an editor."

As a result of the page's success, Yahoo added "Most- emailed" lists for other news sections, including sports and finance. The company also created another statistics-based feature, this one a bit more conventional: "Most-viewed content," a list of the headlines and photos most clicked on in the last hour.

"Most-viewed," which began in August, is heavy on breaking news and entertainment stories, while "Most-emailed" tends toward the quirky or bizarre. Last Thursday, for example, a news article about the pronouncements of the Federal Reserve chairman, Alan Greenspan, topped the "Most-viewed" list, while "Man Accidentally Saws Off Hand" was No. 1 on "Most e-mailed."

"Most-viewed" and "Most- emailed" are among the most popular pages on Yahoo News, Mr. Karimkhany said, adding that similar efforts were in the works.

Danny Sullivan, who is the editor of SearchEngineWatch.com, compared the "Most" pages to the Yahoo Buzz Index and the Lycos Top 50 — two continually updated lists of the most popular search terms. "Actually, I'm surprised it's taken them this long to turn all that fantastic live data into content," Mr. Sullivan said of the Yahoo News features.

For Yahoo, which remains heavily dependent on advertising revenue, there is every incentive to find ways to increase the page views of its material without increasing costs.

"I think everyone is looking for ways to produce cheap content," said Robert Hertzberg, an analyst with Jupiter Research. "Using internal stats seems a sure-fire strategy. The information is there; why not use it?" •

Of course, Yahoo News is not a typical news site. It does not create articles and photos, but instead culls material from news organizations in exchange for a portion of Yahoo's ad revenues. And so far, major news sites like CNN.com and MSNBC.com seem to take a much more proprietary view of their content and how their audiences use it.

MSNBC, for example, adds an e- mail link only to some of its articles. And while these sites sometimes issue news releases on topics — like which streaming-media files have been downloaded the most during a particular time period — that data is not used to repackage content into greatest-hits lists.

Michael Silberman, MSNBC.com's executive editor, said he had no interest in developing features based on, say, the most clicked story, despite the pressures to produce content more cheaply. His site has long offered a page known as "Viewers' Top 10," which lists the stories rated most highly by its readers. But the list has a different mission from Yahoo's "Most" pages, he said.

"The purpose of this feature is to encourage users to inform other users about interesting stuff on the site — stories not found on the cover page necessarily," Mr. Silberman said. "Our mission is not to try to generate cheap or user-created content."

Cheap or not, popular-demand content has its own intrinsic value.

"People are interested in what other people are interested in," said Sreenath Sreenivasan, a journalism professor at Columbia and administrator of the Online Journalism Awards.

And knowing what most interests the public may prove valuable not only to consumers of news but also to the news media themselves, Mr. Sreenivasan said. He argues that journalists and editors need to pay more attention to sites like Yahoo News, because they are "changing the way readers get news."

"There's never been any medium where you get such great detail on what people are reading and talking about," he said. "What we do with that information could really change our business, if we allow it."

Others see the popularity of the Yahoo features as further confirmation of a post-modern interest in "news about news."

"News tells us what happens," said Arthur Asa Berger, a professor who teaches about popular culture and the media at San Francisco State University. "News about news enables us to speculate about all kinds of things, trends in society and the like. And it may be more engaging than the news itself."

-- testguy (test@guy.com), January 29, 2001.


The Link to the story here

New Economy: The Spread of News by E-Mail Is Becoming News Itself

January 29, 2001 By PAMELA LICALZI O'CONNELL

as last week's biggest news story President Bush's education plan? Or was it the study contending that American men may have smaller penises, on average, than Brazilian men?

One story dominated headlines; the other was forwarded frantically around the Net. And the episode provided insight into the role of the Web audience in determining, and maybe even increasing, the market value of information once it goes online.

People often pass around news articles via e-mail. Some even do it compulsively, in part because it's so easy: most news sites include an "e- mail this article" link on some or all of their stories.

But until last spring, apparently, no site made use of the statistics generated by those e-mail links. That was when Yahoo News, on a lark, created a new feature called "Most- emailed content." The page (http ://dailynews.yahoo.com/h/mt/us/dailynews/?u) lists the 20 most- frequently forwarded stories and the dozen photos in the previous six hours from Yahoo News. (The Brazil story was at, or near, the top of the list for several days.)

, and it has become something of a cult favorite among heavy consumers of news. "We were positively surprised," said Kourosh Karimkhany, a senior producer at Yahoo News. "One of our engineers came up with the idea. It wasn't an editor."

As a result of the page's success, Yahoo added "Most- emailed" lists for other news sections, including sports and finance. The company also created another statistics-based feature, this one a bit more conventional: "Most-viewed content," a list of the headlines and photos most clicked on in the last hour.

"Most-viewed," which began in August, is heavy on breaking news and entertainment stories, while "Most-emailed" tends toward the quirky or bizarre. Last Thursday, for example, a news article about the pronouncements of the Federal Reserve chairman, Alan Greenspan, topped the "Most-viewed" list, while "Man Accidentally Saws Off Hand" was No. 1 on "Most e-mailed."

"Most-viewed" and "Most- emailed" are among the most popular pages on Yahoo News, Mr. Karimkhany said, adding that similar efforts were in the works.

Danny Sullivan, who is the editor of SearchEngineWatch.com, compared the "Most" pages to the Yahoo Buzz Index and the Lycos Top 50 — two continually updated lists of the most popular search terms. "Actually, I'm surprised it's taken them this long to turn all that fantastic live data into content," Mr. Sullivan said of the Yahoo News features.

For Yahoo, which remains heavily dependent on advertising revenue, there is every incentive to find ways to increase the page views of its material without increasing costs.

"I think everyone is looking for ways to produce cheap content," said Robert Hertzberg, an analyst with Jupiter Research. "Using internal stats seems a sure-fire strategy. The information is there; why not use it?" •

Of course, Yahoo News is not a typical news site. It does not create articles and photos, but instead culls material from news organizations in exchange for a portion of Yahoo's ad revenues. And so far, major news sites like CNN.com and MSNBC.com seem to take a much more proprietary view of their content and how their audiences use it.

MSNBC, for example, adds an e- mail link only to some of its articles. And while these sites sometimes issue news releases on topics — like which streaming-media files have been downloaded the most during a particular time period — that data is not used to repackage content into greatest-hits lists.

Michael Silberman, MSNBC.com's executive editor, said he had no interest in developing features based on, say, the most clicked story, despite the pressures to produce content more cheaply. His site has long offered a page known as "Viewers' Top 10," which lists the stories rated most highly by its readers. But the list has a different mission from Yahoo's "Most" pages, he said.

"The purpose of this feature is to encourage users to inform other users about interesting stuff on the site — stories not found on the cover page necessarily," Mr. Silberman said. "Our mission is not to try to generate cheap or user-created content."

Cheap or not, popular-demand content has its own intrinsic value.

"People are interested in what other people are interested in," said Sreenath Sreenivasan, a journalism professor at Columbia and administrator of the Online Journalism Awards.

And knowing what most interests the public may prove valuable not only to consumers of news but also to the news media themselves, Mr. Sreenivasan said. He argues that journalists and editors need to pay more attention to sites like Yahoo News, because they are "changing the way readers get news."

"There's never been any medium where you get such great detail on what people are reading and talking about," he said. "What we do with that information could really change our business, if we allow it."

Others see the popularity of the Yahoo features as further confirmation of a post-modern interest in "news about news."

"News tells us what happens," said Arthur Asa Berger, a professor who teaches about popular culture and the media at San Francisco State University. "News about news enables us to speculate about all kinds of things, trends in society and the like. And it may be more engaging than the news itself."

-- testguy (test@guy.com), January 29, 2001.


The Link to the story here

New Economy: The Spread of News by E-Mail Is Becoming News Itself

January 29, 2001 By PAMELA LICALZI O'CONNELL

as last week's biggest news story President Bush's education plan? Or was it the study contending that American men may have smaller penises, on average, than Brazilian men?

One story dominated headlines; the other was forwarded frantically around the Net. And the episode provided insight into the role of the Web audience in determining, and maybe even increasing, the market value of information once it goes online.

People often pass around news articles via e-mail. Some even do it compulsively, in part because it's so easy: most news sites include an "e- mail this article" link on some or all of their stories.

But until last spring, apparently, no site made use of the statistics generated by those e-mail links. That was when Yahoo News, on a lark, created a new feature called "Most- emailed content." The page (http ://dailynews.yahoo.com/h/mt/us/dailynews/?u) lists the 20 most- frequently forwarded stories and the dozen photos in the previous six hours from Yahoo News. (The Brazil story was at, or near, the top of the list for several days.)

, and it has become something of a cult favorite among heavy consumers of news. "We were positively surprised," said Kourosh Karimkhany, a senior producer at Yahoo News. "One of our engineers came up with the idea. It wasn't an editor."

As a result of the page's success, Yahoo added "Most- emailed" lists for other news sections, including sports and finance. The company also created another statistics-based feature, this one a bit more conventional: "Most-viewed content," a list of the headlines and photos most clicked on in the last hour.

"Most-viewed," which began in August, is heavy on breaking news and entertainment stories, while "Most-emailed" tends toward the quirky or bizarre. Last Thursday, for example, a news article about the pronouncements of the Federal Reserve chairman, Alan Greenspan, topped the "Most-viewed" list, while "Man Accidentally Saws Off Hand" was No. 1 on "Most e-mailed."

"Most-viewed" and "Most- emailed" are among the most popular pages on Yahoo News, Mr. Karimkhany said, adding that similar efforts were in the works.

Danny Sullivan, who is the editor of SearchEngineWatch.com, compared the "Most" pages to the Yahoo Buzz Index and the Lycos Top 50 — two continually updated lists of the most popular search terms. "Actually, I'm surprised it's taken them this long to turn all that fantastic live data into content," Mr. Sullivan said of the Yahoo News features.

For Yahoo, which remains heavily dependent on advertising revenue, there is every incentive to find ways to increase the page views of its material without increasing costs.

"I think everyone is looking for ways to produce cheap content," said Robert Hertzberg, an analyst with Jupiter Research. "Using internal stats seems a sure-fire strategy. The information is there; why not use it?" •

Of course, Yahoo News is not a typical news site. It does not create articles and photos, but instead culls material from news organizations in exchange for a portion of Yahoo's ad revenues. And so far, major news sites like CNN.com and MSNBC.com seem to take a much more proprietary view of their content and how their audiences use it.

MSNBC, for example, adds an e- mail link only to some of its articles. And while these sites sometimes issue news releases on topics — like which streaming-media files have been downloaded the most during a particular time period — that data is not used to repackage content into greatest-hits lists.

Michael Silberman, MSNBC.com's executive editor, said he had no interest in developing features based on, say, the most clicked story, despite the pressures to produce content more cheaply. His site has long offered a page known as "Viewers' Top 10," which lists the stories rated most highly by its readers. But the list has a different mission from Yahoo's "Most" pages, he said.

"The purpose of this feature is to encourage users to inform other users about interesting stuff on the site — stories not found on the cover page necessarily," Mr. Silberman said. "Our mission is not to try to generate cheap or user-created content."

Cheap or not, popular-demand content has its own intrinsic value.

"People are interested in what other people are interested in," said Sreenath Sreenivasan, a journalism professor at Columbia and administrator of the Online Journalism Awards.

And knowing what most interests the public may prove valuable not only to consumers of news but also to the news media themselves, Mr. Sreenivasan said. He argues that journalists and editors need to pay more attention to sites like Yahoo News, because they are "changing the way readers get news."

"There's never been any medium where you get such great detail on what people are reading and talking about," he said. "What we do with that information could really change our business, if we allow it."

Others see the popularity of the Yahoo features as further confirmation of a post-modern interest in "news about news."

"News tells us what happens," said Arthur Asa Berger, a professor who teaches about popular culture and the media at San Francisco State University. "News about news enables us to speculate about all kinds of things, trends in society and the like. And it may be more engaging than the news itself."

-- testguy (test@guy.com), January 29, 2001.


Convicted of Drunk Driving, and Lied to Cover It Up

George Bush now admits that he was convicted of drunk driving. On September 4, 1976, a state trooper saw Bush's car swerve onto the shoulder, then back onto the road. [The Bush camp spin that he was driving too slowly is simply a lie.] Bush failed a road sobriety test and blew a .10 blood alcohol, plead guilty, and was fined and had his driver's license suspended. His spokesman says that he had drunk "several beers" at a local bar before the arrest. Bush was 30 at the time. He now says that he stopped drinking when he turned 40 because it was a problem.

More troubling, Bush lied in denying such an arrest, and still won't take responsibility for his actions. His first reaction was to blame Democrats and Fox News -- the only openly conservative TV network -- for reporting the story. "Why [was this reported] now, four days before the election? I've got my suspicions." He refused to say what his suspicions are, though. Bush admits covering up the story, but seems to think he has no responsibility for the failure of his cover up.

In fact, just like Clinton with Monica Lewinsky, Bush has brazenly and repeatedly lied to cover up and minimize this arrest.

1. Bush Lied at his Press Conference, 11/3/2000

Bush said he paid a fine on the spot and never went to court. That is clearly a lie, as you can see on this court document showing his court hearing a month later. In fact, it was a man also in court for DUI the same day who revealed Bush' arrest. Here is exactly what Bush said in his press conference:
Bush: "I told the guy I had been drinking and what do I need to do? And he said, "Here's the fine." I paid the fine and did my duty...."
Reporter: "Governor, was there any legal proceeding of any kind? Or did you just -- "
Bush: "No. I pled -- you know, I said I was wrong and I ..." Reporter: "In court? "
Bush: No, there was no court. I went to the police station. I said, "I'm wrong."

2. Bush Lied in Court, 1978


Bush got a court hearing to get his driving suspension lifted early, even though he had not completed a required driver rehabilitation course. He told the hearings officer that he drank only once a month, and just had "an occasional beer." The officer granted his request. But Bush continued drinking for 8 years after that date and has said publicly that he drank too much and had a drinking problem during that time. Presumably Bush was under oath during the hearing, though we haven't been able to pin down that detail. The Bush campaign refuses to comment on this contradiction.

3. Bush Lied To "The Dallas Morning News", 1998


"Just after the governor's reelection in 1998, [Dallas Morning News reporter Wayne] Slater pressed Bush about whether he had ever been arrested. 'He said, 'After 1968? No.'" Dallas Morning News, 11/03/2000 [Before 1968, Bush was arrested for theft and vandalism in college.]

4. Bush Lied On 'Meet The Press', 11/21/99


Tim Russert: "If someone came to you and said, 'Governor, I'm sorry, I'm going to go public with some information.' What do you do?"
Bush: "If someone was willing to go public with information that was damaging, you'd have heard about it by now. You've had heard about it now. My background has been scrutinized by all kinds of reporters. Tim, we can talk about this all morning."

5. Bush Lied to CBS, 1999.


"Bush has often acknowledged past mistakes, but CBS News Correspondent Lee Cowan reports that in a 1999 interview with CBS station WBZ in Boston, he denied there was any so-called smoking gun." CBS TV news

Bush also evaded countless questions and gave Clintonesque half-truths. For example, while struggling with how to answer charges of drug abuse, he said that he would have been able to pass FBI background checks during his father's administration. But those checks include the question "Have you ever been arrested for any crime?" So either he was directly lying, or he has some Slick explanation like "I could have explained the circumstances of the arrest and still passed the FBI check."

In another evasion, Bush decided to serve jury duty in 1996, during his first year as governor. On his questionairre, he simply left blank the questions about prior arrests and trials. Then he found himself on a trial for drunk driving, where every juror is eventually asked about prior convictions for drunk driving. The night before the trial, Bush's lawyer asked the defense attorney to dismiss him, because "it would be improper for a governor to sit on a criminal case in which he could later be asked to grant clemency." It's a silly argument, because that problem exists with any criminal trial and Bush had already decided to serve on a jury, but the defense attorney obliged and excused him before direct questioning of jurors began.

Bush now justifies covering up his arrest "to be a good role model for his daughters." How does he figure that? Lying to cover up your crimes is not what I call being a good role model. Taking responsibility for your actions, admitting fault honestly and warning people of the consequences you suffered, THAT would be a good example. But Bush prefers the Clinton route of bald-faced lying, then blaming your enemies and the press when you get caught.

Bush is now the first person to be elected president after being convicted of a crime.

Bush had several other drunken incidents, as well. In December, 1972, Bush challenged his dad (the ex-president) to a fist fight, during an argument about Bush's drunk driving. He had taken his little brother out drinking, and ran over a neighbor's garbage cans on the way home. Bush's atypical public service job, working with inner city Houston kids, appears to have been an unofficial community service stint set up by Bush, Sr. Apparently the governor didn't learn his lesson, because his drunk driving conviction occured almost four years later.

In another incident, he started screaming obscenities at a Wall Street Journal reporter, just because that reporter predicted that Bush's father would not be the 1988 Republican nominee. The reporter obviously was wrong, but a drunken Bush Jr. walked up to him at a restaurant and started yelling "You fucking son of a bitch. I won't forget what you said and you're going to pay a price for it."

In fact, Bush' running mate Dick Cheney now admits he had two drunk driving offenses in 1962 and 1963, giving the Bush -- Cheney ticket a new world record of 3 DUI's on one ticket. No wonder they seem so relaxed.

The conviction is bad enough, but the real question is, what other revelations are going to come later, about his drug use (which he won't deny), failing to show up for a year of his National Guard service, or sexual escapades in his swinging single days?

There is evidence that Bush has more to hide involving his Texas driving record. Soon after he became governor, he had a new driver's license issued with the unusual ID number of "000000005", an action that destroyed the records of his previous license. His staff could only say, weakly, that this was done for "security reasons" but there is no record of any previous Texas governor having done so. Now we have at least of hint of why Bush wanted his records obscured, and a dark foreboding that more might be lurking, still covered up.

Drunk Driving Sources

His Character: The Prodigal Son

George W. Bush, Jr. is touted as the savior of the Republican Party by the national press, because he pulls votes from minority voters and has his dad's name and fundraising connections to run on. But before we anoint him as the next president, let's look at what he's done with his life. In a nutshell, Junior
1) grew up as a very rich child of powerful parents,
2) partied from high school until he was 40,
3) made millions off of sweet insider business deals from political allies of his dad, who happened to be the President,
and 4) got elected governor of Texas mostly because of his name.

Bush Junior has done some good work as governor of Texas. He has crossed the partisan divide, reached out to minorities, and tackled at least one tough, thankless issue (school financing; his plan was voted down in the legislature.)

But 4 years -- even 4 good ones -- is a pretty short resume for the leader of the free world. No one doubts Bill Clinton's ability to handle punishment and come back for more. But Bush Junior's stamina and attention span are very real concerns. Furthermore, Bush's term as governor has also been markedly corrupt, although possibly in legal ways. What we mean is, he has taken millions in campaign contributions from certain big businessmen -- many of whom were in on the insider business deals that made him rich -- and those same businessman have received billions in sweet deals from the Texas state government during Bush's term.

Specifics: Like Al Gore, Bush Jr. attended Eastern elitist schools, in this case Andover Prep, and Yale. According to a Newsweek profile, he "went to Yale but seems to have majored in drinking at the Deke House." He joined the secretive "Skull and Bones" club in 1968, as any good conspiracy buff can tell you.

His business career was marked by mediocrity or failure which nonetheless resulted in him getting lots of money from his father's political allies. And his political career has been handed to him on a platter by his famous name, and by his dad's cronies.

Bill Kristol, conservative pundit and Dan Quayle's former chief of staff, says "The Bush network is the only genuine network in the Republican Party. It is the establishment." Junior and Jeb Bush (elected in Florida in 1998) are the first brothers to be simultaneous governors since the Rockefellers.

To give you an idea of how rarefied his upbringing was, George Junior had an argument with his mom at one point about whether non-Christians could go to Heaven. (Barbara Bush felt they could; George didn't.) To settle the dispute, they phoned up Billy Graham on the spot. (He sided with Junior, but warned him not to play God.).)

More recently, Bush's performance during the 2000 South Carolina primary shows that he received the worst trait common to the famous Bush family -- a vicious competitiveness that shows no compunction about dirty tricks (such as the phone calls by his surrogates calling McCain, of all people, "the fag candidate") and utterly shameless flipflops (like Bush Sr.'s "read my lips, no new taxes", and Junior's very public refusal to meet with the gay Log Cabin Republicans group until right before the California primary, when he claimed he was fine with them all along. Not to mention him suddenly becoming "a reformer" after he got shellacked in the New Hampshire primary.)

Not only does this trait demonstrate a lack of integrity -- which I define as having standards and things you believe in that you won't violate, even to win the presidency -- but there is an incredible arrogance in thinking that voters will accept and believe a candidate who blatantly changes his positions from week to week, saying whatever the local primary voters want to hear.

Unfortunately, Bush Jr. has inherited this negative family trait without receiving any of the graciousness, diligence, and bravery of his father and grandfather (a Senator who lost his seat over a principled vote in favor of birth control, back in the 1940s.)

Thin skinned: Bush tries to stifle his critics

One of the most disturbing things about Bush is that he consistently works to silence his critics using his money and power, including state police and expensive lawyers. Not since Richard Nixon has a major presidential candidate been so quick to prevent his opponents from free speech. At the very least, this shows he doesn't understand big-league politics and may not be tough enough to handle more serious opponents, such as hostile foreign countries and terrorists. At worst, it may be a sign of Nixon-like paranoia; that president's thin-skin started out with similar small potatos and grew to bring down his presidency amid enemies' lists, illegal break-ins of his opponent's offices, and forcing the IRS to audit his enemies.

Bush can't blame this on his staff, either; it comes from the top. When asked about one critical web site, he told the press "There ought to be limits to freedom. We're aware of this site, and this guy is just a garbage man, that's all he is."

As governor of Texas, for example, Bush Junior has sent the state police to arrest peaceful demonstrators outside the governors mansion. While previous governors allowed peaceful pickets on the public sidewalk outside the mansion, Bush has claimed that they are blocking public access, and had them arrested. Not all protestors, either -- just the ones he doesn't want the press to see.

In the 2000 primaries, Bush supporters including NY Governor Pataki sued to keep John McCain and Steve Forbes off the New York primary ballot in several congressional districts. Bush denied any involvement, fooling no one, but after McCain's decisive New Hampshire victory made the move look ridiculous, Bush and his top strategist Karl Rove called up his establishment minions, after which they instantly announced that they were stopping their efforts to keep McCain off the ballot. Ironically, all of the attention to ballot rules revealed that a number of Bush delegates and alternates used fraudulent signatures to qualify for the ballot. As a result, it appears that McCain and Forbes will be on the ballot statewise, but George Bush Jr. won't be in one Bronx congressional district.

Bush also can't stand criticism on the Internet. His campaign quietly -- and probably illegally -- bought up over 200 anti-Bush domain names including "bushsucks.com", "bushbites.com", and "bushblows.com" over a year ago. (Illegally because he had refused to register as a candidate, as part of his effort to make it look like people were begging him to run, so spending money for his campaign was not allowed.) If you type in any of these URLs, you end up at Bush's official web site. His campaign refuses to say whether this means that they admit that he bites, blows and sucks. (Maybe he used to be a White House intern?)

If you wanted to set up one of those sites, breathe easy because many good names are still available. The Bush camp somehow neglected to purchase "bushisaprick.com", "bushisweak.com", or "bushsucksdonkeydicks.com", so $70 makes them yours.

Even worse, Bush and his high-priced lawyers have tried twice to shut down a web site -- www.gwbush.com -- that parodies the Bush campaign, in particular his "no comment" answers on drug use in his past. You will recall that Bush has said it doesn't matter what he did "in his youth," because the question is "have you grown up" and "have you learned from your mistakes." The parody site presents a new program called "Amnesty 2000", in which Bush "proposes" pardoning all drug convicts who have "grown up."

The Bush campaign filed one complaint about the site in April 1999, after which the parody site's owners changed it to look less like the real Bush site. That wasn't good enough though, and Bush lawyers filed against the site again in May 1999. So far, it remains in business. Sources

Lying Under Oath. Bush & Co. Squelch Investigation of Contributor's Funeral Homes

In a (so far successful) attempt to stop a scandal, Bush perjured himself under oath, according to the sworn testimony of two of his political allies. The situation is amazingly similar to Clinton's Lewinsky problem: a potentially damaging lawuit arose (see below) that threatened to involve him. Just like Clinton, Bush swore an affidavit that he had no involvement in the case, which got him excused from testifying. And just like Clinton, the affidavit was proven false months later by new evidence. In this case, it's the recent sworn testimony of Robert MacNeil, a Bush appointee, that he had discussed the case with Bush at a fundraiser.

This scandal isn't as sexy as Monica's, but perjury is perjury, and this scandal actually involves the governor's job, not his sex life. Texas' state commission on funeral homes (the TFSC) started an investigation of SCI, the world's largest funeral home company (with 3,442 homes, plus 433 cemeteries) after complaints that unlicensed apprenctices were embalming corpses at 2 SCI embalming centers. The commission visited a couple of these, and ended up fining SCI $450,000.

But SCI pulled strings with the commission and with Bush himself. Shortly thereafter, the investigation was shut down and the agency's investigator was fired. She sought to question Bush for her lawsuit, and that's when he swore his admittedly false affidavit. In fact, that affidavit has been proven false twice now.

DETAILS: SCI has long cultivated Bush and his allies. They gave governor Bush $35,000 in the last election and $10K in 1994, gave $100,000 to the George Bush, Sr. library, and hired the ex-president to give a speech last year for $70,000. They also spread money around the Texas legislature and the Texas Attorney General's office.

After the investigation got serious, SCI's boss, Robert Waltrip, called the funeral commission's chairman and told him to "back off." If not, Waltrip said, "I'm going to take this to the governor."

Still, the investigation continued. So Waltrip and his lawyer/lobbyist, Johnnie B. Rogers, went to the governor's office and dropped off a letter demanding a halt to the investigation. Rogers told Newsweek that he and Waltrip were ushered in to see Joe Allbaugh, Bush's chief of staff (who is now Bush's campaign manager.) Rogers goes on to say that Bush Jr. popped his head in and said to Waltrip, "Hey, Bobby, are those people still messing with you?" Waltrip said yeah. Then the governor turned to Rogers and said, "Hey, Johnnie B. Are you taking care of him?" Rogers said "I'm doing my best, Governor."

The problem for Bush is that he swore under oath, in a July 20th 1999 affidavit, that he "had no conversations with [SCI] officials, agents, or represenatives concerning the investigation or any dispute arising from it." If Rogers is telling the truth, than Bush Jr. lied directly under oath. He filed the affidavit in an attempt to avoid testifying in a whistleblower lawsuit concerning this investigation and it's alleged squashing by Bush's administration.

Back in August of 1999, Bush himself admitted that he spoke with Waltrip and Rogers -- in other words, that he lied under oath -- but used Clintonesque denials to claim that it was nothing substantial. Bush told the Associated Press that "It's a 20-second conversation. I had no substantive conversation with the guy. Twenty seconds. That's hardly enough time to even say hello, much less sit down and have a substantive discussion. All I know is it lasted no time. And that hardly constitutes a serious discussion. I did not have any knowledge at all of Waltrip's problem with this case."

Of course, nothing Bush says here contradicts what Rogers said. In fact, his careful explanation of why this is not perjury is incredibly similar to Bill Clinton's weaseling about what the meaning of "is" is. And now MacNeil's sworn statement further confirms Bush's lie.

Whatever Bush said out loud, Waltrip's complaints to the governor got quick results. Eliza May -- the investigator for the funeral services commission -- says that after Waltrip visited the governor, she received phone calls from three senior Bush aides asking if she could wrap up her proble quickly. She says she was also summoned to another meeting in Allbaugh's office, one month after the first one, and found Waltrip already there. The governor's top aide, she says, demanded that she turn over a list of all of the documents that she needed "to close the SCI investigation."

Since then, investigator Eliza May has been fired, 6 or 10 staff members on the commission have been fired or resigned and not been replaced, and the Texas legislature -- led by members receiving substantial contributions from SCI -- passed a bill to reorganize the agency and remove it's head. On August 16, 199, Bush ordered his Comptroller to take over the agency and run it. May -- who, it should be noted, is a Democrat and was even state Democratic Treasurer at one point -- has filed a whistleblower lawsuit alleging she was fired because she persisted with the investigation.

Bush simply didn't show up for his scheduled deposition on July 1st, 1999 in the case. (He isn't a defendant in the case, because Governors are immune from lawsuits in Texas, but is being called as a material witness.) He filed his affidavit on July 20th to indicate that he had nothing to add.

Now Robert MacNeil -- who was the chairman of the Texas funeral commission at the time, a Bush appointee -- confirms that he also discussed the case with Bush, at a 1998 Texas fundraiser. In a sworn deposition, MacNeil says that Bush asked him: “Have you and Mr. Waltrip got your problems worked out?” Replied McNeil: “We’re still trying to work on that, governor.” Bush then said, “Do your job.” Bush's campaign says that MacNeil's statement is false. But the language MacNeil says Bush used is almost identical to what he admits saying to Johnnie Rodgers in the governor's office. Sources

Corruption in Texas Government; State $ to Big Contributors

Bush's administration has consistenly shoveled large amounts of state controlled money to men who have either contributed large amounts to Bush's campaign, or who have made Junior personally rich through sweet insider business deals, or both.

For example, the University of Texas' Investment Management Company (UTIMCO) invests $1.7 billion of state money. Most of this comes from profits from oil discovered on Texas state land. Bush's cronies dominate this board, and in return investment funds controlled by these very cronies or their friends have received nearly a third -- $457 million -- of that massive investment pool. There may even be more, but this obscure group -- created under Bush -- cloaks its operations in a thick veil of secrecy.

UTIMCO's chairman, Tom Hicks, now owns the Texas Rangers; his purchase of the team made Governor Bush a very rich man. Furthermore, Hicks and his brother gave $146,000 to the Bush campaign. In return, $252 million of the invested money went to funds run by Hicks' business associates or friends, according to the Houston Chronicle. Hicks even insisted that UTIMCO increase by $10 million an investment with a fund that he had an indirect financial interest in, but UTIMCO staff halted funding after they discovered the conflict.

Then there's Sam and Charles Wyly, the billionaire brothers who secretly bought $2.5 million of "independent" TV ads slamming McCain just before the critical Super Tuesday primaries. (They have also given hundreds of thousands of dollars to Bush Jr.'s governor and presidential campaigns.) They control Maverick Capital, an investment fund that received $90 million of UTIMCO money. The brothers earn nearly $1 million in fees alone from that money, along with a share of any profits.

Henry Kravis of Kohlberg, Kravis & Roberts -- a longtime Bush contributor -- received a $50 million investment deal in 1996. And there are many more Bush supporters who have received millions from UTIMCO, including the Bass family and Adele Hall of the Hallmark Cards family.

Another key player in the Bush world is Richard Rainwater, the billionaire Texas investor who made Bush Jr.'s original involvement in the Texas Rangers deal possible. That's the deal that made Jr. rich, of course. Bush had several other personal investments in Rainwater controlled companies. But Rainwater has received much from Bush and the state of Texas' treasury, too. UTIMCO invested at least $20 million in Rainwater companies.

And UTIMCO is not the only Bush administration agency funneling money and favors to his supporters and cronies. T he state teacher retirement fund sold three office buildings to Rainwater's real estate company at bargain prices, and without bids in 2 of the cases. The fund invested $90 million in the Frost Bank Plaza in Austin, and sold it to Rainwater's Crescent Real Estate for $35 million. Bush signed a law that will give his former baseball team co-owners -- including Rainwater -- a $10 million bonus payment when a new Dallas arena is built. Bush also proposed a cap on business real estate taxes that would have saved Rainwater millions on his various properties (but it lost in the legislature).

In another example, Bush's state Housing department has been investigated for kickbacks, and Florita Bell Griffin, who Bush appointed to the state Housing Board, was just convicted of bribery, theft, money-laundering and mail fraud for trading her influence for cash. She faces 55 years in prison. And Larry Paul Manley, Bush's director of the Department of Housing until he resigned in January 1999, is under police investigation for steering federal tax credits to cronies. Texas' top auditor discovered in 1997 that 60% of department contracts went to Manley's former colleagues at local savings and loans, but refused to make the findings public until long after the criminal probes began.

Bush may or may not have violated state ethics laws with all of this big money backscratching, but there is no doubt that he and these businessman are operating corruptly -- funneling large amounts of state money to the businessmen's companies, and large amounts of their personal and business money into George Bush Jr.'s pocket and political campaigns.

Sources

Avoided the Vietnam War

Most people have heard something about George W. Bush pulling strings to get into the Texas Air Guard. But the press, while reporting lots of details, has done a poor job of communicating how consistently and shamelessly Bush Jr. sought and received favorable treatment while he avoided Vietnam.

Furthermore, his story has repeatedly changed -- he has weaseled like Clinton at his worst and even flat-out lied when explaining what happened.

To put it in perspective, here are 9 ways Bush got favored treatment in the service due to his political connections (he was then son of a Congressman and grandson of a former Senator):
1) He got into the Guard by pulling strings, avoiding the year and a half waiting list;
2) He took a 2-month vacation in Florida after just 8 weeks, (1 of 3 leaves), to work on a political campaign;
3) Bush skipped Officer Candidate School and got a special commission as a 2nd Lieutenant, without qualifications;
4) He was assigned to a safe p

-- Cherri (
jessam5@home.com), February 27, 2001.



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